Understanding introduction history: Genetic structure and diversity of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus, <i>Suillus luteus</i>, in Patagonia (Argentina)

Suillus luteus is a common ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungus associated with several Pinus species. It distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and has been introduced into South America New Zealand. We examined genetic structure population biology of S. luteus, which was Patagonian plantations species in Argentina. Overall, 106 samples were collected at 11 geographically separated sites (i.e., plantations) along latitudinal gradient Patagonia (ca. 38°–46° south latitude). Phylogenetic analyses confirmed placement luteus. Genetic analysis demonstrated moderate within-site diversity, but low differentiation between sites. No clear clusters detected or relation to host Pinus. Our results suggest that weak reflects short time elapsed since introduction Patagonia, its expansion exotic afforestation there. Moreover, lack consistent founder effect, suggesting small number genets spread all plantations. Therefore, high level gene flow observed are probably related anthropogenic movement inoculum forestry practices.